Cavernous Hemangioma of the Testis: A Rare Presentation of Testicular Mass and Review of Literature

Abstract

Testicular hemangiomas are rare benign vascular tumors, particularly when located within the testis, with only around 50 reported cases. We report a case of a 27-year-old male who arrived at the emergency department with left scrotal swelling and six days of testicular pain. Scrotal ultrasound showed a heterogeneous, lobulated appearance without central vascularization, characteristic of a diffuse infiltrative process. Tumor markers and imaging were normal. The patient underwent a left radical orchiectomy. Histopathology and immune markers confirmed a cavernous hemangioma with significant ischemic necrosis. Although hemangiomas are typically asymptomatic, they can cause pain due to ischemia or hemorrhage, frequently impossible to distinguish clinically from other testicular malignancies. This clinical case underscores the importance of a correct diagnostic approach in suspect testicular masses. Intraoperative pathological evaluation can aid in considering testis-sparing surgery in select cases.